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Mechanical Properties of Thermal Protection System Materials

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Mechanical Properties of Thermal Protection System Materials

Author: Date :2019-07-26 Views: order
NASA is currently studying the performance of the Thermal Protection System (TPS) materials in support of detailed TPS model development for the Orbiter Return to Flight Effort. This report describes an experimental study that has been completed to develop constitutive relationships for LI-900, LI-2200, and FRCI-12 tiles under different mechanical loading conditions.
 
The High-temperature Reusable Surface Insulation (or HRSI) tiles consist of a low-density, highpurity silica 99.8 % amorphous fiber insulation coated with a mixture of powdered tetrasilicide and borosilicate glass with a liquid carrier. The operating temperature of HRSI ranges from 1,200 to 2,300°F. Depending on the heat loading encountered during the re-entry of the orbiter into the atmosphere, the thickness of the tiles varies from one to five inches. There are also two different densities of HRSI tiles along with different thicknesses. The high-density LI-2200 (22-pcf) tiles are used in the areas such as the nose, main landing gears, external tank, and others susceptible to high heat loading. The low-density LI-900 (9-pcf) tiles are used in the areas subjected to low heat loading. The FRCI-12 tiles are made from the mixture of AB312(alumina-borosilicate fiber) and the pure silica tile slurry. The FRCI-12 tiles are used to replace the LI-2200 tiles. The FRCI-12 tiles are designed to provide improved strength and resistance to the coating’s sensitivity cracking with a relatively lower density of 12-pcf compared to LI-2200(NASA, 1988).
 
The objective of this laboratory testing program was to obtain mechanical properties of the HRSI tiles under quasi-static loading conditions so that the impact modeling effort could develop and test its models and codes using realistic parameters obtained from different tile materials under various loading conditions. The experimental programs were designed to provide the fundamental parameters necessary for the simulations and analyses of the impact of foreign objects such as foam into the HRSI tiles as well as to give insight into the failure phenomena of the TPS materials.
 
The three types of TPS materials were tested in “In-Plane (IP)” and “Through-The-Thickness(TTT)” orientations. Four types of quasi-static mechanical tests (uniaxial tension, uniaxial compression, uniaxial strain, and shear) were performed under low (10-4 to 10-3/s) and intermediate (1 to 10 /s) strain rate conditions. In addition, the split Hopkinson pressure bar test were conducted to obtain the strength of the materials under a dynamic (~102 to 103/s) condition. For each TPS material, the mechanical properties of the material are obtained and the results are presented as functions of loading type, loading orientation, and applied strain rate. 
 
Summary and Conclusions:
An experimental study was conducted to measure the mechanical properties of the Thermal ystem (TPS) materials used for the Space Shuttle. Three types of TPS materials (LI900, LI-2200, and FRCI-12) were tested in “in-plane” and “out-of-plane” orientations. Four quasi-static mechanical tests (uniaxial tension, uniaxial compression, uniaxial strain, and re performed under low (10-4 to 10-3/s) and intermediate (1 to 10/s) strain rate conditions. In addition, split Hopkinson pressure bar tests were conducted to obtain the strength terials under a relatively higher strain rate (~102 to 103/s) condition. For each TPS terial the results are presented in Appendices A through E as functions of loading type,loading orientation, and applied strain rate.
 
The FRCI-12 material, designed to replace the heavier LI-2200, showed higher strengths under nsile and shear stress conditions. But, under a compressive stress condition, LI-2200 showed igher strength than FRCI-12. As far as the modulus is concerned, LI-2200 has higher Young’s modulus both in compression and in tension. The shear modulus of FRCI-12 and LI-2200 fell in the same range. 

 

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